For the last few years, I've been working with a high school that serves a population of high-poverty, urban students. In my previous visits we have looked at strategies to get students to function at higher levels of thinking (rigor) and with more responsibility for their learning (relevance) in a workshop setting, make-take sessions, and in classroom walkthroughs. The centerpiece of our third series of sessions is looking at student work. I met with teachers over three days in groups of 5-6 in 2 hour sessions. A rotating pool of subs covered classes. Some groups were structured by content area, others were interdisciplinary. Both configurations gave us interesting perspectives to review samples of student work and use them as a springboard for collegial discussion. Most importantly, teachers supported each other in school-embedded professional development.
Teachers were asked to bring two assignments with at least two samples of student work for each task. When possible, teachers brought in copies of the material to share among the team. Many brought writing samples or other assignments that offered students some freedom in how they approach the task. Extended responses or assignments that required students to explain their thinking led to the most rich discussions. Since the school has a major CTE component, some teacher brought in manufacturing projects.
The process
Each teacher began by giving a brief background to their artifacts - course, students, context of the assignment. We then spent about 45 minutes individually reviewing the sample assignments / responses. Teachers were supplied with sticky notes to make observations on the student work. This provide useful feedback to the originating teacher. Many teachers shared their impression verbally via informal side conversations.
I then guided teachers a discussion using four levels of prompts We kept our conversations focused on the evidence found in student work – rather than specific students or teachers.
Level 1: The Details: What details do you see in the student work – voice, content, organization, vocabulary, mechanics?
Level 2: The Student's Perspective: Looking at the work from the student perspective – what was the student working on? What were they trying to do? What level of thinking were they using? What choices were they making about content, process, product, or evaluation? How much responsibility do they take for - what they learn, the process they use, and how they evaluate it?
Level 3: Patterns and Conclusions: Do you see any patterns across the samples of student work? Did you see anything that was surprising? What did you learn about how a student thinks and learns?
Level 4: What's Next? What new perspectives did you learn from your colleagues? What questions about teaching and learning did looking at student work raise for you? As a result of looking at student work, are there things you would like to try in your classroom to increase rigor, increase relevance, promote reflection?
Teacher Responses
Teachers were also provided with written version of the prompts so that they could write their feedback. Here are some of the comments / questions raised by teachers. For more on how I used my iPhone Dragon Dictation program to gather comments click here.
- Choice is motivation!
- I need to devote more time to students reading and evaluating each others work.
- We need more sessions like this one. It's great to hear different perspectives on the same groups of students.
- Am I making my expectations clear? Can they see the value in the assignments?
- I'd like to add a student reflection every each day.
- I'm seeing new ways of looking at / evaluating student work.
- When students create for themselves, they see greater value in their work.
- I've got ideas how to make learning more independent, interactive - I want to stress more project, inquiry based instruction.
- We need to reinforce the idea of more “open” solutions to projects and assignments.
- Students are accustomed to answering questions that require memorization of facts and formulas, but the work that reflected student understanding used higher-level questions and left room for student interpretations.
- Incorporating reflection into answers reinforces the fundamental concepts
- This session helps us develop consistent expectations throughout the school
- This is a great model for sharing - must be efficient and concise like this so teachers are willing to participate.
- What are we expecting our students to know and be able to do in preparation for the global society?
Our school has two teams of teacher's that meet regularly as a "committee" to examine student work through protocols similar to those above from the National School Reform Faculty, or NSRF. Their website can be found at nsrfharmony.org The tuning protocol found in the protocol directory most closely reflects the process shared here. Thanks, Peter!
Posted by: Sean Musselman | February 11, 2010 at 06:14 PM
Hi Sean,
It's great to hear you are already using this type of process on a regular basis. I think it makes for a great collegial dialogue. You're accurate in recognizing the parallel with NSRF. When I was planning this workshop I got a strong recommendation from my Twitter PLN to look at the NSRF work. They have a thoughtful approach that inspired my effort. I'll add a credit.
Posted by: Peter Pappas | February 11, 2010 at 08:39 PM
Hi Peter. So nice to see many schools are moving toward this form of PD. Here's the way our school is approaching similar goals: http://calgaryscienceschool.blogspot.com/2010/01/examining-student-work-introduction.html
Posted by: Neil Stephenson | February 25, 2010 at 08:57 AM
Hi Neal - I think looking at student work and classroom walkthroughs are two great teacher-centered PD that build local capacity. I followed the link to your protocol and it's VERY impressive. Well done!
Posted by: Peter Pappas | February 25, 2010 at 03:08 PM
Hi Peter,
I am a middle school literacy coach in Akron Ohio. I know your background is social studies and I was hoping you may provide me with some direction. I would like to get my teachers using web 2.0 tools and reading blogs is an easy and engaging way to start. However, I have been unable to find engaging and resourceful MS blogs for social studies teachers. Any ideas?
Debbie
Posted by: Debbie Leonard | February 26, 2010 at 06:51 PM
Hi Debbie,
Here's few good sources that might help:
History Teachers Ning: http://iteachsocialstudies.ning.com/
The History 2.0 Classroom http://www.kulowiectech.blogspot.com/
Museum Box http://museumbox.e2bn.org/
Have Fun with History http://www.havefunwithhistory.com/index.html
Virtual Field trips http://housedivided.dickinson.edu/fieldtrips/brown.html
Explore Jamestown http://media.mgnetwork.com/imd/jamestown400/index.html
Eyewitness to History http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/
Google News Timeline http://newstimeline.googlelabs.com/
World History http://www.worldhistory.com/
World Mapper http://www.worldmapper.org/
Best of luck!
Posted by: Peter Pappas | February 27, 2010 at 12:59 PM
thank you, I will check them out and begin sharing at our next PLC.
Debbie
Posted by: Debbie | February 28, 2010 at 07:02 PM